| PanTerra has various methods available to determine relative permeability curves. These tests are often complex and there is no single best method. Depending on lithology, rock properties and budget, PanTerra can recommend an analytical program suitable for your samples. |
| Waterflood tests are available to evaluate waterflood efficiency. This includes Swir and Sor oil recovery versus pore volumes of water injected and oil recovery versus water cut. Various fluids can be used to evaluate the change in Sor. |
 The interaction between reservoir rock and non-native fluids introduced during drilling or injection processes, can increase or decrease permeability. Flowing liquids at multiple flow rates or certain volumes through core samples provides information about critical velocity, migrating fines through pores space or permeability alteration due to incompatible fluids. |
| This is a basic and inexpensive linear displacement test for immiscible and incompressible fluids. For data analysis, the Johnson-Bossler-Naumann (JBN) and the Jones-Roszelle methods are used. Operational difficulties as capillary end-effects and viscous fingering should be considered in the analysis. Unsteady-state method is particularly suited for measuring endpoint values of the non-wetting phase (effective permeability, Kg@Swir). This test can be performed at ambient conditions or at reservoir conditions. |
| Single speed centrifuge relative permeability of the displaced phase can be used for low permeability samples. This test provides Krw or Kro values down to true Sor or Swir. Centrifuge relative permeability can be used as an ‘extension’ to coreflood relative permeability. |
| For some samples and in some conditions, a steady-state relative permeability will give more representative data. Our recent added automated reservoir condition system can measure relative permeability temperatures up to 150 degrees Celsius and pressures up to 10,000 psi. |
 Various acidizing core flow tests or regained permeability tests are also available at PanTerra. More information on this can be found at this website under the Production Chemistry section. |
| At PanTerra, we have the capability to run computer simulations of coreflooding experiments. Two-phase properties like Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability can now be determined using numerical calculations. Futhermore, various effects like capillary end-effects, can be incorporate into the simulation and the experimental data can be compared to the simulated flow tests. |
